Parademic Notes Week Ending 170108

#(170108)

1. Moral Panic; 2. March of Dimes; 3. Misinformation - Memory; 4. Zika; 5. Risk Management; 6. Voluntary - Antibiotics; 7. Walls; 8. One Size Fits All; 9.  Zombie Apocalypse 100 Days; 10. Cooperation vs Competition; 11. Franken–  ; 12. Anti-Vax; 13. Smog; 14. Blue Ribbon; C. Communications.

-1. 10 Normal Things Accused of Causing Moral Panics, 9 Writing: The invention of writing did not go down well with several people. Socrates argued that writing would reduce people’s ability to learn, make them forgetful, make them less dependent on our memories, replace their brains, and make them believe that that know more than they actually do. He preferred to maintain the older method of preserving knowledge, information, and literature through memorization and transferring knowledge to others by word of mouth. ¶ According to Socrates, memorization was better, as it would make people wiser and closer to God. He also argued that people could never learn by reading a book, as learning could only be achieved by observation and practical thinking. Socrates detested writing so much that he may have never written any of his own thoughts down. What is known for sure is that no Socrates writings exist today. Everything we know about him was documented by Plato. Doesn’t sound that different from complaints about 4 Social Media.

            -1.1. The Anti-Vaccination Movement can be considered a manifestation of moral panic. From the  parademic perspective moral panics can either assist or hinder containment and control – usually hindering and fostering wider spread and longer duration. Which direction depends on the moral entrepreneurs who is benefitting from the panic. The Music Man "Ya Got Trouble" (Video), Ya Got Trouble Lyrics [Photo]. The False Promises of Wellness Culture.

-2. Jan 3, 1938, Franklin Roosevelt Founds March of Dimes. In subsequent years, the March of Dimes continued to lead lucrative fundraising campaigns that set the model for other health related foundations. In 1941, the foundation provided funding for the development of an improved iron lung, which helped polio patients to breathe when muscle control of the lungs was lost. The March of Dimes appointed Dr. Jonas Salk to lead research for a polio vaccine in 1949. Roosevelt 10↓, who died in 1945, did not live to see Salk develop and test the first successful polio vaccine in 1955. Example of one of the earliest crowdfunding for a health problem. People Mailed Dimes 'By The Truck Load' to FDR's White House to Cure Polio.

-3. This supports the parademic curator’s contention that exposure to misinformation, and learning to identify it, can help improve analytical abilities. Detecting Misinformation Can Improve Memory Later On. Exposure to false information about an event usually makes it more difficult for people to recall the original details, but new research suggests that there may be times when misinformation actually boosts memory. Research shows that people who actually notice that the misinformation is inconsistent with the original event have better memory for the event compared with people who never saw the misinformation in the first place. However what if someone never identifies errors in information, without being told which is correct; or misadvised on what is correct. That is the cognitive skill that is desirable in independent critical analysis, questioning what others accept as true. 170101-9↓. ¶ False Memory Helps Us Think but We Can’t Do it When We’re Tired. It would also help if information available keeps up with new information, \fs24ulPsychology Textbooks Should Be Busting Myths. Instead, They’re Misinforming Students, 7 Bad Science and Health Ideas That Should Die with 2016, Anti-Choice Activists in Oklahoma Have a New Tactic to Spread Lies about Abortion, Texas Says Abortions Increase the Risk of Cancer and Mental Illness. That’s Not True.

            -3.1. ∩ One method of how to counter misinformation and social contagion is Germany’s Controversial New Version of ‘Mein Kampf’ Is Now a Bestseller. Fears that the new publication might help make Hitler's ideology socially acceptable had proven unfounded. On the contrary, the discussion about Hitler's world view and how to deal with his propaganda offered the opportunity to look at the disastrous roots and consequences at a time when authoritarian political ideas and right wing slogans are again gaining followers. German authorities have made clear they won't tolerate new versions without annotations. A far right publisher announced last year that it planned to produce an edition "without annoying commentary" (meaning those who are already uncritical believers will not be swayed by counter information). Prosecutors say there's no indication that the book actually went on sale. Mein Kampf: The World's Most Dangerous Book. Question That Contains Assumptions: Why Is Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" One of the Most Popular and Best Selling Books in Iran. Why German Mistrust Made Hitler's Mein Kampf a Bestseller Again. Saudi Paper Op-Ed to Middle East: Stop Admiring Hitler 170101-2.2↓, which will either be cognitive dissonance or recognizing that nothing is totally consistent to what one thinks is right or wrong.

            -3.2. Sometimes what is widely accepted as fact is in fact not exactly correct. The Sled Dogs that Stopped an Outbreak. Balto, Togo, and other huskies famously delivered life saving serum to a remote Alaskan town in 1925—but newspapers didn’t tell the whole story.  The dog that deserved praise, instead of Balto, was Togo.

            -A. Another not exactly correct narrative is: The Europeans invaders brought with them a number of devastating pathogens. The most deadly was Variola major (smallpox). Curiously, Europeans seemed not to die from the disease as frequently as did their Indigenous counterparts. The explanation was simple: centuries of exposure to the disease meant they had developed a level of immunity. Lacking that advantage, Indigenous peoples could only watch as Variola rampaged across the “virgin soil” of the American continents. ¶ There are significant problems with this virgin soil thesis. Most obviously, immunity to smallpox is impossible regardless of one’s ethnic background. Europeans were not as affected in the Americas because many of them contracted the disease as children and were “inoculated” from further outbreaks. The virgin soil thesis turns Indigenous people into passive (and impotent) recipients of disease, thereby dismissing their attempts to respond and adapt to biological realities. This thesis provides Europeans with absolution for the pathogen’s spread. After all, it was beyond their power to handle. They did not willfully disseminate it, and thus they were not culpable for its devastation. ¶ A rebuttal is needed for these assertions. Far from helplessly lamenting their decline, Cherokee conjurors actively developed forms of treatment. Their efforts were no worse—and arguably much better—than those employed by Europeans in the era. Cherokee Medicine, Colonial Germs: An Indigenous Nation’s Fight Against Smallpox, 1518–1824 [Cover]. 161002-2↓.

            -B. #Book, #Health Diplomacy. The End of A Global Pox. America and the Eradication of Smallpox in the Cold War Era. Unlike other works that have chronicled the fight against smallpox by offering a "biography" of the disease or employing a triumphalist narrative of a public health victory, The End of a Global Pox examines the eradication program as a complex exercise of American power. Reinhardt draws on methods from environmental, medical, and political history to interpret the global eradication effort as an extension of U.S. technological, medical, and political power. This book demonstrates the far reaching manifestations of American liberalism and Cold War ideology and sheds new light on the history of global public health and development. [Cover]

↕4. Why Odds Are Against a Large Zika Outbreak in the US. Socioeconomic factors provide protection, but risks of smaller outbreaks remain. Objectively correct, socially incorrect. Its not the odds of an outbreak, but the odds of a panic. Ebola with only two local exposure cases caused a nation wide panic Panic and Anxiety in the Days of Ebola Crisis, Why ‘Fearbola’ Reminds Me of the Early AIDS Panic. However The 1832 Cholera Epidemic that killed large numbers was feared but didn’t lead to panic and lead to the beginnings of the strong public health system of the US. ¶ There is currently a Hidden STD Epidemic: 110 Million Infections in the US (2014), Reported Cases of STDs on the Rise in the U.S. (2015), STD Cases Are at an All Time High in the US, that has attracted little attention even as a moral panic, That Teenagers Are Driven by 'Sexually Charged Behaviour' Is Hardly Revelatory - Moral Crusaders Are Creating the Panic.

            -4.1. Different disease but same vector. This does not bode well for Zika in US spreading north during the winter. People may not take precautions because it is winter and there are fewer mosquitoes. Despite Cold, Chikungunya Cases Continue to Pour in. Or mix of diseases that intensifies the other Dengue Virus Antibodies May Worsen a Zika Infection. The Complication of Coinfection, flu being an example where it is not the flu that if fatal, but the opportunistic diseases already resident in a body, or introduced at the same time, that take advantage of the weakened immune system. [Photo]

            -4.2. Looks like we need to add Resistant Vectors to potential biohazards and threats. In the Fight Against Zika, Insecticides Hit a 'Dead End'. Because of high costs and low rewards of Zika elimination business, the world is running out of insecticides that work. Health workers have a thinning arsenal of insecticides capable of killing mosquitoes that carry Zika and similar viruses as the southern hemisphere's summer begins and as outbreaks persist in other areas.

-5. ∩ #Document. Directing Risk Management in Organizations Guidance from the Centre for Risk Research. More and more people are realizing that the behaviours that contribute to successfully analysing and managing risk are varied and pervasive. ¶ Risk management is not just a bureaucratic process, but a theme that links a multitude of improvements in organizations. There is also an increasing realization that risk analysis and management are more than just a way to reduce the impact of nasty surprises. Uncertainty makes the impossible, possible, and effective risk management aims to secure opportunities that uncertainty affords. ¶ Extracting the wisdom of crowds. One way to make better predictions is to get more people involved,  efficiently. This can work well when relevant information is widely distributed among participants because people will have reason to be more confident. This is nothing specific about, Syndemics, All Bio Hazards, Biodisaster. What caught my eye as being relevant to biodisaster is the recognition of information flow, allowing a variety of ideas, and that behavior of people should  be focused on. This is starting to look like a very small cluster of recognition of human factors_(Search). 170101-5, 161204-5, 161120-5, 161002-12, 160911-5.3, 160814-6, 160703-6, 160522-13↓. ¶ The cluster around -5 (or -6 as 5 is 6 - 1 = 5, 12 is 6 x 2 = 12, and -13 is 12 + 1 = 13, and 5.3 is 5 + 3 = 8, which is the number citations to previous stubs) is random chance and synchronicity. It has no meaning or pattern. #Website Unnatural Acts That Can Improve Your Thinking.

 

-6. FDA Says Food Livestock Can No Longer Be Fed Medically Important Antibiotics. A voluntary ban that aims to safeguard essential antibiotics for humans by limiting their use in food animals should now be fully in effect. Under the FDA policy, antibiotics that have been designated "medically important" – in other words, they're needed to treat people – cannot legally be given to healthy animals to speed their growth. The policy, three years in the making, requires producers of agricultural antibiotics to change labeling on the drugs to make clear they should not be used for so called growth promotion. All manufacturers have agreed to abide by the new rule. The voluntary compliance approach rarely works unless there is some positive or negative incentive (carrot and/or stick) behind it. In this case using antibiotics gives a competitive advantage in a competitive environment of small profit margin. One has to trust competitors to also comply, while there are incentives to not comply, and incentives to comply were lacking. ¶ Non GMO marketing provided an incentive to a small extent with no antibiotics 161225-6↓. Is “Natural” a Food Marketing Scheme, labeling as Non GMO 11↓, No Antibiotic, Organic; none of which have clear widely accepted definitions.

            -6.1. Another food issue has been the many reports of Avian Flu world wide that have required massive culling of flocks, Bird Flu Will Continue to Flare into 2017. Have not been covering it here in Parademic, but this is a combination of economic and cultural impact. U.S. Strikes Deal to Export Eggs to Bird Flu Stricken S. Korea. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has been negotiating with South Korea's government to enable shipments ahead of peak egg demand in the upcoming Lunar New Year holiday season (Seollal). The two sides reached an agreement over health statements. They were in talks after South Korea lifted a ban on imports of U.S. shell eggs that it imposed when the United States grappled with its own bout of bird flu in 2015. Gloomy Start to Year of Rooster as Bird Flu Hits South Korea. US Scrambles to Clear Egg Exports to Bird Flu Hit South Korea. S. Korea to Cover Half of Egg Import Shipping Costs up to End - Feb, South Korea Egg Import Subsidies Criticized as Too Little, Too Late. 2017, The Year of the Fire Rooster [Poster]. Are We Ready for a Flu Pandemic, more precisely for this a Zoodemic – pandemic among animals and/or plants that may destroy a human raw material resource (food, air, wood, anything organic) or jump to humans, Genetics Say the Origins of the Irish Potato Blight Were South American. ¶ US Flu Activity Shows Steady Rise (H3N2), Korea Confirms H5N6 in Cat Deaths as Ireland Reports H5N8, H7N9 Activity Intensifies in China with 16 More Cases. Ducks Gassed in Thousands as France Fights Bird Flu Virus. Chile Detects Bird Flu at Poultry Producer Agrosuper's Plant. India: Daman Bans Poultry, Egg Sales after H5N1 Detection. That makes 4 circulating flus, one human, the rest avian. [Photo]

-7. The Fire Through the Smoke: Working for Transparency in Climate Projections. To help policymakers more confidently prepare for the effects of climate change requires evacuation regarding the potential ecological, social, economic and meteorological repercussions of climate change. The government of a low lying island nation is considering the construction of a seawall to protect its capital and economic hub from the rising seas brought on by climate change. The length and expense of the project depends on how high the wall needs to be – three feet, four. [Cartoon, Cartoon]. An island is a terrible example, though a easily understood heuristic. A high tide with a storm surge, tsunami, hurricane, typhoon, a wall would be overtopped and/or undermined, and afterwards would keep the water in without a way to drain off. Walls do not work as a biodisaster solution. In fact resorting to walls, self isolation other forms of social distancing are parademic. Adapting to Sea Level Rise. Seawall Helps Preserve History in St. Augustine. New Study Confirms Sea Surface Temperatures Are Warming Faster than Previously Thought.

            -7.1. Invasive species is another biodisaster where walls alone don’t work. Feral Cats Now Cover 99.8 Percent of Australia. The fluffy murderbeasts pose a major threat to wildlife. Are Feral Cats Killing over 20 Billion Native Animals a Year (2014), Cats Kill Hundreds of Australian Animals (2015), When the Rabbit's Away, the Cat Will … Devour All the Native Animals (2015).

-8. This and planning for only a specific disease rather than All Bio Hazards are two Parademic soapbox items. Emergency Preparedness Is Not “One Size Fits All”, There is No “One Size Fits All” Approach to Management. A “Whole Community” Approach to Emergency Management. Cookie Cutter Vs. Custom Plans.

            -8.1. Why Should Humans Care About Preserving the Diversity of Life on Earth. This animation explains that humans don't just impact the interconnected web of life—we depend on it. s humans, we like to think that we’re above nature’s fray. Ecosystems may die and other animals may go extinct, but we with our superior brains and technology will always come out on top. Unfortunately, we don’t live in a bubble: We’re all part of the delicate, interconnected matrix we call Earth. The difference is, out of all the species, we have the greatest power to alter that balance. Correction, humans are the current macro species that is making changes to the biosphere. Micro species have and still could change the Earth again, Bacteriapocalypse, The Oxygenation Catastrophe [Photo, Photo]. Harmful Algal Blooms & Cyanobacteria [Photo].

-9. 'Zombie Apocalypse' Would Wipe out Humankind in Just 100 Days. Physics students explore feasibility of surviving viral infection, A student study suggests that one hundred days after zombie infection spread less than 300 people would remain alive globally. After one hundred days human survivors would be outnumbered a million to one by zombies. Students worked on the assumption that a zombie would have a 90% probability of turning others into the undead. However, factoring in humans killing zombies and human reproduction rates, world’s population would eventually be able to recover. This would be a very very high reproduction rate (R₉₀) with nothing else acting to mitigate, counter or stop it.

            -9.1. Prepping Vaccines Is Only One Way to Prepare for the Next Epidemic. If it feels like we're hearing about new infectious disease outbreaks at an ever faster pace, there's a reason for that. In "only three years, from '13 to '16, we've had chikungunya in the Caribbean, we've had Ebola in West Africa and now we have Zika in the Americas. "That's unusual. We've seen emerging infectious diseases forever; we have them now. We will always have them. But to have a cluster like that is a bit unusual. ¶ Each time, though responses have accelerated, public health defenses don't galvanize until after the threat has emerged. To get ahead of the next epidemic, a new group has been formed, called CEPI Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations Launched to Bolster Vaccine Candidate Research, Prepare for Disease Outbreaks.  160626-9, 161002-5.1, 160717-4↓. Global Trends in Human Infectious Disease: Rising Number of Outbreaks, Fewer per Capita Cases. Reemergence of 5 Vaccine Preventable Diseases (2015). Global Rise in Human Infectious Disease Outbreaks (2014). Another disappointment. From the title thought it was going to go beyond the clinical aspects. This focuses on creating vaccines faster, not recognizing some diseases are reemerging due to anti-vax, denser populations, crashing into disease reservoirs, poverty, ignorance, lack of clean water, not washing hands, rapid and international mobility, better surveillance to stop outbreaks before they accelerate. The reason for increasing frequency of disease outbreaks is human behavior. This is curing disease without getting at the reservoir (of behavior) that it arises from. Spike in Mumps Cases Nationwide Due to College, School Outbreaks: What You Need to Know. Ebola Taught Value of Preparation, Vigilance. Five Little Known Diseases to Watch out for in 2017. Increased Vaccine Production Capacity Needed to Better Prepare for Outbreaks. More Efficient Vaccine Production.

            -9.2. The WHO Has a Plan to Save the World from the Next Pandemic – But It Doesn't Have the Money. As a new year begins, the WHO is beginning to implement a new pandemic preparedness plan, so that countries around the world are ready for the next Ebola or Zika. Step one in that plan is the creation of the Emerging Diseases Clinical Assessment and Response Network, intended to help caretakers during an outbreak. Unfortunately mistakes were made which decreases the chance of more funding. These mistakes were made in part because there was a fear of losing what was left of not enough funding. A vicious cycle of increasing mistrust on all sides. Countries' Response to WHO's Travel Recommendations During the 2013-2016 Ebola Outbreak. We collected relevant and non-conflicting data for each of 187 States Parties. Of these, 43 (23%) prohibited the entry of foreigners who had recently visited a country with widespread Ebola transmission and another 15 (8%) imposed other substantial restrictions on such travellers: the requirement to produce a medical certificate documenting no infection with Ebola (n = 8), mandatory quarantine (n = 6) or other restrictions (n = 1). Unsure if the US was left out of the analysis, or it did not make the list of very restrictive countries. For the first it is not a good idea to anger biggest potential funders, for the 2^nd despite Ebolaphobia and fear mongering the US never stopped the flights or had unreasonable restrictions, though some states did.

            -9.3. #Book There’s No Future in Despising Humanity. Spreading messages of doom about the planet can keep people from making positive changes. Look at the metaphors we use most often to describe our global role. Humanity is a cancer, a virus, a rapist, a mass murderer, a killer asteroid. Now, clearly there are some dark truths here about our nature and collective behavior. Yes, we have committed horrific crimes. And yes, we have been a cancer. But what shall we be now? Once we experience the shock of waking up and finding ourselves in the midst of committing these acts, well, then what. Cancers do not wake up and decide to stop being cancerous. Earth in Human Hands: Shaping Our Planet's Future [Cover]. Big Ancestor 11.1↓.

-10. Autism and Human Evolutionary Success. A subtle change occurred in our evolutionary history 100,000 years ago that allowed people who thought and behaved differently – such as individuals with autism – to be integrated into society. The change happened with the emergence of collaborative morality – an investment in the well being of everyone in the group – and meant people who displayed autistic traits would not only have been accepted but possibly respected for their unique skills. But rather than being left behind, or at best tolerated, many would have played an important role in their social group 2↑, 11.1↓. The autism angle is probably just because of the current interest in autism, but this implies all people who were different. The parademic significance is another possible indicator the cooperation is key to societies surviving biodisaster, not competition. 

-11. Continuation of  161030-11↓. How Franken- Lurched its Way into Our Lexicon, the prefix has taken on a life of its own. Future Tense Newsletter: Why We’re Still Talking about Frankenstein. A Cheat Sheet Guide to Frankenstein_(Search), and the novel’s legacy for scientific innovation. Why Frankenstein Is Still Relevant, Almost 200 Years after it Was Published, the novel provides the perfect lens through which to examine scientific innovation. Franken- has been an anti-GMO_(Search) 6↑ narrative for a long time and in multiple areas. 11 GMO Myths, Part I: Frankenfoods and Franken Corporations, d   HYPERLINK "https://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2016/03/10/11-gmo-myths-part-ii-gmos-pose-health-ecological-dangers/" Part II: Do GMOs Pose Health and Ecological Dangers. Why Does Everyone Hate Monsanto. 7 Propaganda Talking Points Against GMOs. Abusing Science You Don’t Understand. The Double Edged Metaphor of Frankenstein. Fear GMOs, but Fear Decisions Driven by the Angry Mob More. [Cartoon, Poster, Cartoon, Cartoon, Cartoon].  Global Buzzwords That Will Keep on Buzzing in 2017.

            -11.1. Mary Shelley’s Other Horror Story; Lessons for Super Pandemics, #Book The Last Man [Cover, Cover, Cover, Cover, Quote]. ¶ Another Science Fiction story with a Frankenstein theme The Man Who Was Six [Cover] written by the same author as 161225-2↓, 9.3, 10↑, with an early version of DNA, organ donation and a chauvinistic 1950s ending. [Cover].

            -Quote: Wysocki's Theorem: Self therapy. The patient alone understands what he needs. That's new, I always thought they watched the patient carefully. It ought to be new—he'd just invented it. Medical practices rapidly change. It's the latest belief that initiative is more important than perfect health.

-12. Follow up on 170101-2.1↓ where it was noted that anti-vax response to the new Ebola Vaccine and Bill Gates comments had not happened yet, which is unusually slow. New Ebola Vaccine Can’t Be Used for Prevention, World Health Organization Warns – Alicia Bayer, which appears to be a spin on Merck's Vaccine Won't Be the End of Ebola, but I would not say it is anti-vax conspiracy theory. However NaturalNews, dependable and repetitive as always for clear anti-vax conspiracy theory wrote Bill Gates Quietly Funding Effort to Develop Thousands of New Vaccines That Conveniently ‘Might’ Become Pandemics. There is also the usual debunking of anti-vax refutations, Snopes Exposed: A Look at the “Fake News” Watch Dogs, LA Times/Michael Hiltzik and the Fakest “Fake News” of All. Suspect that anti-vax about the Ebola Vaccine will take more of the form of “wait and see 170101-5↓, told you so, we are vindicated” at a later date, repeating what anti-vax published in 2014-15 about Ebola.

            -A. Website# Vaccine News publishes a wide variety of opinion and fact about vaccines, but leaves it to their readers to determine which is which (one of the irritants of the Parademic website). What Can the Anti- Vaccination Movement Teach Us about Improving the Public’s Understanding of Science. ¶ Chinese Official Sentenced 10 Years in Vaccine Scandal support antivax BigPharma and unsafe narratives. ¶ Another popular Conspiracy Theory is mutations Human Dog Hybrid DNA Mistake? Science Experiment Gone Wrong (Video), or not recognizing a joke Unpackage Your Genpet and Unpackage a World of Possibilities. 170101-7.1↓.

-13. Smog continues in Asia 170101-6↓, with some responses that may be cultural unique or specific. A Poem Praises Smog, and Why Not. It’s From Cancer’s Perspective. China’s toxic air has drawn attention to a Chinese surgeon’s poem, I Long to Be King, that takes the viewpoint of a hungry lung cancer reveling in the “delicious mist and haze”, Poems About Cancer [Poem]. Choked by Smog, Beijing Creates New Environmental Police. Heavy Smog Back to Choke Northern China over Three Day New Year Holiday, Smog Levels in Beijing off the Charts, lineChina Starts 2017 Engulfed by Smog, Issues Pollution Alerts. China Says Some Factories Have Violated Anti-Smog Measures. Time Lapse Video Shows Wall of Smog in Beijing. Stop Making Our Children Sick: Beijing Parents Force Government Action over Smog. China Confronts the Pain of Kicking its Coal Addiction. Millions in China Learn to Live With Smog 'Airpocalypse'. Smog Choked Beijing Cracks down on Barbecues to Confront its 'Airpocalypse'.

-14. Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense. Biodefense Indicators One Year Later, events outpacing federal efforts to defend the nation. Many of our political leaders acknowledge that the

biological threat is real and growing, and that our government continues to allow other issues of the day to distract from necessary efforts to ensure national biodefense. The biological and political events of the past year demonstrated that our nation remains woefully under prepared for dangerous biological incidents. Will be interesting to see what next years report will be next year, or if there will be a report. At this time the trends indicate biodefense will be worse, 161218-1↓. How to Balance the Risk and Benefit of Dual Use Research of Concern. Protecting the Public’s Health from Diseases, Disasters and Bioterrorism. Bioterrorism and CBRN: Preparedness, Response and Capacity. ¶ Parademic contends that Bioterrorism Preparedness: Cooptation of Public Health (2002), Has Bioterrorism Preparedness Improved Public Health (2003), Public Health's Main Fear over Bioterrorism: Surge Capacity (2003), Finding a Space for the Public's Health in Bioterrorism Funding (2005), #Book Bioterror: Anthrax, Influenza, and the Future of Public Health Security (2008), Bioterrorism: An Emerging Public Health Problem (2011).

↕C. How We Decide What to Say in Emergencies. You can’t protect your health if you don’t know what to do and how to do it. Here are seven things we consider when we communicate about health:

• Trust: Will people trust the information. Who is the best source to put the information out.
• Information: What information is necessary, and how will people find it. How much is enough, or too much.
• Motivation: How relevant is the information is to the people we’re trying to reach.
• Environment: What are the conditions that surround and affect the audience.
• Capacity: What is people’s ability to act on the information. Are there barriers.
• Perception: What will the audience think about the information. What will inspire them to act on it.
• Response: How will people respond. What can we do to stay engaged with them and give them support as they take action.