Parademic Notes Week Ending #(180304)
Read This First 170423, Heuristics 170928, Glossary A-F, Mini Lessons 170827, BioTrumpism posted 180301 (.pdf version)
1. Hospital Shutdown, 2. Health Behaviors, 3. Vaccine in Texas, 4. Cereal Killers, 5. Homo Sap Transitions, 6. Climate Humor, 7. Active Grief. <ADDED> 1. PAHPRA, 2. Climate Security Threat, 3. Italia Anti-Vaccinazione, 4. Muerte Maria, 5. Too Pop Book, 6. Munchausen by Cuba, 7. GOLF, 8. AugumenPox, 9. Seed Vault, 10. Mozzie.
Other Topics: BioTrumpism, BioPolitics, Vaccine, Biosphere, Disaster, Humor, Climate Change, Anthropocene, Anthropogenic, Communication, Sleep Deprivation, Attacking Health Facilities, Mass Shootings, Agriculture Harm, Hamsters, Cannibalism, Emoji, Dengue Vaccine, GMO, Ebolaphobia, Nuclear War, Epidemiological Transitions, Davos, Cybermen, Singularity, Climate Refugees, Women’s Suffrage, Unnatural Disaster, Lysenko, Gun Control, Simdemic, Virtual Populations, AIDS Unit 371, Graphic Medicine, Future.
-1. Biodisaster is tough enough, if a staff is burned out before one that exacerbates the situation. Health Staff 'Too Stressed' to Deal with Disasters. Increasing stress and a lack of motivation among healthcare staff could result in hospitals having to shut down in the wake of a major incident such as flooding, earthquake or other natural hazard is severely limited by a high workload and challenging targets which result in high levels of psychological stress. Some staff feel to their workplace, and are less likely to take the initiative in such a scenario and may avoid coming into work, much less learn the extra skills needed to deal with a catastrophic event. These factors expose healthcare services to major risk of staff shortage and thus inoperability when a major hazard does strike. This is not a recently identified problem, but one that is getting worse, Burnout: The Health Care Worker as Survivor (2004).
-‡. US Healthcare System Not Prepared for Large Scale Disasters. Why America Could Become Vulnerable to the next Major Pandemic, infectious diseases know no borders. In this age of global hyper connectedness, a disease outbreak anywhere is a threat everywhere. | Doctors and Nurses Collapsing as Medical Response in East Ghouta Reaches Its Limits, Attacks on Healthcare Look Like a Strategy for Forced Displacement, <ADDED 180204->6. What Happens to You When You Don’t Sleep for Days. What the Hospitals of the Future Look Like. The sprawling institutions we know are radically changing – becoming smaller, more digital, or disappearing completely. The result should be cheaper and better care. FY2019 Health Security Funding Outlook: Quick Take Based on President's Budget Request.
-2. Responding to Emergencies One Behavior at a Time. To improve the health and safety of people in the United States and around the world, we have to influence and change behaviors. It can be difficult to try new things, or stop old things as behaviors range from simple to complex, but one way to consider behavior change is to think of any change as a passive or active choice. Public health practitioners must think about interventions in terms of the behaviors they are asking people to adopt, stop or continue. What would encourage someone to change what they are currently doing. Before you can influence someone's behavior or change their choices about a behavior (risky or protective) you need to know how their judgments and decisions are made about that behavior in the first place. Behaviors are rooted in: traditions, social norms, beliefs, and inform preparedness and response. 7 things to consider when communicating about health: Will people trust the information. What information is necessary. Is the information relevant to be motivational. What is the audience’s environment and conditions. What is the ability and capacity to use information, are there barriers from using. How does the audience perceive and think about the information. How will people respond. Readers will recognize this is part of parademic.
-2.1. Scientists Know How You'll Respond to Nuclear War - and They Have a Plan. That knowledge isn't simply theoretical: The Department of Defense is using simulations projecting the behavior of survivors in the 36 hours post disaster to form emergency response strategies they hope will make the best of the worst possible situation. Creating a synthetic human population, e-peeps (electronic people), is determined by census information, mobility surveys, tourism statistics, social media networks, and smartphone data, which is calibrated down to a single city block. So say you’re a parent in a two-person working household with two kids under the age of 10 living on the corner of First and Adams Streets. The synthetic family that lives at that address inside the simulation may not travel to the actual office or school or daycare buildings that your family visits every day, but somewhere on your block a family of four will do something similar at similar times of day. They’re not you, they’re not me, they’re people in aggregate. But it’s just like the block you live in; same family structures, same activity structures, everything. Fusing together the 40 plus databases to get this single snapshot requires tremendous computing power. Blowing it all up with a hypothetical nuclear bomb and watching things unfold for 36 hours takes exponentially more to see what would happen if the populations exhibited six different kinds of behaviors* – like healthcare seeking vs. shelter seeking – took more than a day to run and produced 250 terabytes of data. From A Bombs to Zika: Guiding Government Planning for Major Disasters. I’m skeptical. There would be statistical accuracy in the first 24-48 hours as people will largely be in shock, dying, assisting, or evacuating. After that emergent behaviors begin to take hold and self organization of shattered structures begin. We can predict what many of those are likely to be, but not will actually happen, or where, or when, or by who. In addition can what remains to DOD and other emergency services begin to respond in 36 hours sufficiently what happens beyond that time. Probably not as they are also people. However if the means remain to continue to collect data, analyze and communicate to responders and the general population, then adjustments can be made and possibly maintain fair accuracy for the next 24 hours. Further refinement can be done by comparing model results with real world ones, though hopefully there will be few chances to do so, and what real world happens can inform behavior to prevent a global pandemic. An Interactive, Web based High Performance Modeling Environment for Computational Epidemiology, EpiSimdemics: An Efficient Algorithm for Simulating the Spread of Infectious Disease over Large Realistic Social Networks.
-*. Modeling Human Behavior in the Aftermath of a Hypothetical Improvised Nuclear Detonation page 952, 5.2 Behavior Options: Household Reconstitution, Evacuation, Shelter Seeking, Healthcare Seeking, Panic (probably more control of freeze, flight, fight), Aid & Assist. All of these would be influenced by interaction with infrastructure (transportation means, passable routes, communications/ information, food/ water, power), environment (temperature, wind, lethality, precipitation, urban/ rural/ wild, social control) and worldview (trust/ fear, tolerance for stress, beliefs to include xenophobia, previous history and knowledge, perception of what future will bring). Defining Epidemics in Computer Simulation Models: How Do Definitions Influence Conclusions. Modeling an Epidemic. -5Quote↓.
-2.2. PrepTalks: Social Capital in Disaster Mitigation and Recovery (Video), explains how social ties are the critical aspect of resilience in immediate survival, in mental health, and in community recovery. Despite common assumptions that money, governance, level of damage, and inequality are the most important determinants of recovery, this demonstrates that disaster resilience comes from internal factors: How connected are we, How much trust do we have in each other, How often do we work together.
-2.3. #Linguistics Speaking Truth to Power: Please Don't Call Them Natural Disasters. Disasters are costing more lives and money than ever before, largely because we now have more people, buildings, and infrastructure situated in areas of risk. We've known this to be case for some time, yet building (and rebuilding) 180301-2.3 continues and still these events are referred to "natural" disasters. Our latest Research Counts series discusses how the seemingly innocuous turn of phrase actually works to obscure human culpability in disasters. Then again pointing out human culpability for climate change didn’t work out so well either.
-3. Houston District Becomes Unlikely Battleground for Vaccine Policy Fight. In this race, we have one candidate that is up on the issues and understands the medical community. Then we have another candidate that is, at least, ignorant and at worst is actively working against sound medicine. Disgraced Anti-Vaxxer Andrew Wakefield Aims to Advance His Agenda in Texas Election -3.1↓. 20 Years Ago, Research Fraud Catalyzed the Anti-Vaccination Movement. Let’s Not Repeat History. To Wipe out Measles, Governments must Regain Social Trust. The Vaccine Autism Myth Started 20 Years Ago. Here's Why it Still Endures Today -3.1↓, Attribution Error, Straw Men, and the Principle of Charity. ¶ True Believers and Scammers in Alternative Medicine (and apparently politics and religion). In the online echo chamber promoting alternative medicine, there are varying degrees of deception. There are true believers (who are often victims), entrepreneurs (who are often true believers who found a profitable business), and scammers. The categories are not mutually exclusive.
-3.1‡↕. VCP News Archive: (Not in VCP). • Italy: Vaccine Debate Shows Anti-Establishment Sway -180225-5‡•7>3. • UK: In the Wake of Wakefield (Video) -3↑. • Pakistan: Polio Worker Killed after Abduction in Central Kurram, escalation of terror, threat of murder are not enough so now add being tortured before being murdered. • Nigeria: Oyo Vaccination Security Operatives over Herdsmen Attacks. This may have nothing to do with vaccine. Herders are likely to be nomads with long history of conflict with national government who limit access to land, raiding farms, bushmeat, poaching, and who have killed their herd animals. Herders are also becoming a soft target for terror groups who want their herds for a food supply (Boko Haram Attack Halts Aid in Remote Nigerian Town). • Denmark: Campaign Rebuilds Confidence in HPV Vaccination New data reveals that less than nine months into the campaign, uptake in the number of vaccines is already increasing. During the past year, twice as many girls – nearly 31000 girls – have started the HPV vaccination programme compared to just over 15000 in 2016. <ADDED 180218-180211-4.4‡>1. • Brazil: Yellow Fever – and a ‘Dangerous’ Anti-Vaccination Campaign in VCP Notes <ADDED 180218-180211-4.4‡>1 which paired kidnaping to get the vaccine and difficulty getting the vaccine. • To Wipe out Measles, Governments must Regain Social Trust, -3↑. • Philippines: House Opposition to Duterte – Order Acosta to ‘Stop Pseudo Forensic Intervention’, Dengue Fever Vaccine Causing Panic, Political Strife in Philippines. This factional infighting and exploitation of the Dengue vaccine problem <ADDED 180218-180107-2.2‡>8, takes on a more extreme meaning with in the context of (Duterte Tells Police, Soldiers Not to Cooperate in Any Drug War Probe, Trump Broaches Idea of Death Penalty for Dealers to Help Curb Opioid Epidemic, Trump Praises Countries That Execute Drug Dealers at Opioids Summit). • USA: “Heard Immunity” – In an Age of Vaccine Skepticism, it Is Critical to Understand Herd Immunity, VCP link goes to second page. The purpose of a herd is to protect the vulnerable members from predators and other threats. Five Myths About the Flu You Should Stop Believing. These are truly annual seasonal myths, just as there are stories that these debunk these each year. 1 The flu isn't a serious illness. 2 A healthy lifestyle will protect you against the flu. 3 If you get sick, you can just take medicine. 4 Flu shots can give you the flu. 5 It's too late in the flu season to get vaccinated.
-3.2. #Document. Countering Misinformation, Rumors, and False Information on Social Media Before, During, and After Disasters and Emergencies. Rumors, misinformation, and false information on social media proliferates before, during and after disasters and emergencies. While this information cannot be completely eliminated, first responder agencies can use various tactics and strategies in order to offset bad information. This white paper examines motivations people may have for sharing false information, discusses some underlying issues which cause false information, and offers case studies of recent disasters to illustrate the problem. Best practices for agencies to counter misinformation, rumors, and false information are detailed and categorized, and challenges and additional considerations are presented for review. I wonder how Trump would have felt about his tweets being called false information in 2014. Examples of his tweets were not included in this draft, 170423-3.
-3.3. How the 1918 Flu Pandemic Helped Advance Women’s Rights. While disasters are by definition devastating, sometimes they can lead to changes that are a small silver lining. The 2004 tsunami ended a civil conflict in Indonesia that had left 15,000 dead. The 14th century’s plague, probably the most deadly disaster in human history, set free many serfs in Europe, forced wages for laborers to rise, and caused a fundamental shift in the economy along with an increased standard of living for survivors. One hundred years ago, a powerful strain of the flu swept the globe, infecting one third of the world’s population. The aftermath of this disaster, too, led to unexpected social changes, opening up new opportunities for women and in the process irreversibly transforming life in the United States. The virus disproportionately affected young men, which in combination with World War I, created a shortage of labor. This gap enabled women to play a new and indispensible role in the workforce during the crucial period just before the ratification of the 19th Amendment, which granted women suffrage in the United States two years later. Just as no collapse of society can be attributed to just a biodisaster, but a syndemic of disaster, positive social changes cannot be attributed to a single biodisaster. There are however those who would argue that women getting the right to vote was a social collapse rather than benefit. These Anti-Suffragette Postcards Warned Against Giving Women the Vote, 12 Cruel Anti-Suffragette Cartoons, [Poster]. Vote however does not mean equal rights Women, Wages and Housework: How Closing the Gender Pay Gap Splits Chores More Evenly, New Guidelines Establish the Rights of Women When Giving Birth.
-4. Why Are These Hamsters Cannibalizing Their Young. Scientists stalk the murderers in the maize. [Photo, Poster]. It will not be a surprise if a nutrition guru recommends not eating corn, corn chips, corn tortillas (which should have lime added) and as an explanation by anti-GMO for mass school shootings [Meme]. <ADDED 180225-180218-2.1*A>1. The Inside Story of How an Ivy League Food Scientist Turned Shoddy Data into Viral Studies, What Those Cornell Pizza Studies Teach Us about Bad Science. GMOs and the Revenge of Lysenko, 171203-4‡.
-5. This is similar to but not the same as epidemiological transitions. Biometric Data and the Rise of Digital Dictatorship. At Davos 180128-3, Yuval Harari suggests that we are in our third grand revolution, the control of data. Is humanity doomed. Are we one of the last generations of homo sapiens, soon to be supplanted by engineered cyberbeings, with a distant semblance to their creators (us). In a riveting 25 minute presentation was painted a very gloomy, but possible, view of the future, based on his thesis that we are now in our third grand revolution: the control of data, following the control of land (Agrarian Revolution <ADDED 170813-170312-1.2>) and the control of machinery (Industrial Revolution). The main idea is that we are close to being able to hack life itself: Thinking of organisms as algorithms, it is just a matter of computing power and enough biometric data before we are able to engineer any kind of creature from scratch. After all, if life is like a computer program (the software) running on biochemistry (the hardware) all wehave to do is collect all the information we can to write our own algorithms of other living things. The main question is who is going to have control over this data, and how is it going to be regulated. The parademic curator agrees that the difference between man and machine will become further blurred, but though a biodisaster can and is being caused by technology the Technological Singularity is futurist speculation which rarely are correct, but close. This is partly because it already has partially happened. #Book The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology [Cover]. Artificial Intelligence Poses Big Threat to Society, Warn Leading Scientists, illustrates a disconnect between the headline and what the article actually says.
-Quote: Most long range forecasts of what is technically feasible in future time periods dramatically underestimate the power of future developments because they are based on what I call the “intuitive linear” view of history rather than the “historical exponential” view. – Ray Kurzweil -2.1*↑. -170709-8A>8↓.
-5.1. Human Arrogance and Epidemics. There was a time not so long ago, in the early 1990s, when warnings about emerging epidemics and infectious diseases were derided, the Cassandras were mocked, and the power of human ingenuity and countermeasures were hailed. Globalization of HIV/AIDS, of course, curbed such hubris, but medical and public health leaders, including the top tiers of WHO, viewed HIV as an exception to the rule.
-6. No Laughing Matter, Yet Humor Inspires Climate Change Activism. Melting icecaps, mass flooding, megadroughts and erratic weather are no laughing matter. However, a new study shows that humor can be an effective means to inspire young people to pursue climate change activism. At the same time, fear proves to be an equally effective motivator and has the added advantage of increasing people's awareness of climate change's risks. Weekly notes inserts humor and marthables (in group subtle humor) but not to motivate activism. Intent is to emphasize messages, add meaning, talk about difficult topics, and because parademic and bidisaster are depressing topics, humor makes them more tolerable.
-‡. Downsizing: Matt Damon Takes on Climate Change with Humor. Making Climate Change Funny. Climate Change Humor. 180225-4*. Handle with Humor: Why We Want You to Laugh about Climate Change (2015). Cartoons and Memes That Put Climate Change in Perspective. 7 Brutally Hilarious Cartoons on Trump's Climate Change Backslide. [Cartoon, Cartoon (2006), Cartoon].
-6.1. The City Preparing for Climate Change Without Ever Saying the Words. Tulsa, Okla., a conservative oil town, serves as an example of how places can overcome politics to prevent damage and save lives. It Pays to Build to Withstand Disasters. For every dollar the government spends to make existing buildings more resistant to wildfires, earthquakes, floods and hurricanes, $6 is saved in property losses, business interruption and health problems, according to a new study. The study also found that for every $1 spent to exceed building codes and make structures more hazard resistant in the future, $4 would be saved. In all, over the next 75 years, these measures could prevent 600 deaths, 1 million injuries and 4,000 cases of post traumatic stress disorder, 180301-3-3. ¶ Pandemic Risk: How Large Are the Expected Losses. Funding for Public Health Has Declined Significantly since the Great Recession, Federal Emergency Preparedness Funding has been cut by more than one third since FY 2002. Cost Effective Building Regulations Should be Embraced, Not Feared. Health Savings Outweigh Costs of Limiting Global Warming.
-7. The Power of Grief Fueled Activism. The Parkland students’ turn to political action may seem fast, but protest can be an important expression of grief. This is also a window that disaster education tries to get its messages across and get action on long term problems that have been ignored. <ADDED 180225-180218-2.1*A>1, We Aren’t Having an Evidence Based Debate about Guns, 3 Ways to Elevate the Debate about Guns. Why Parkland Students Have Emerged as a Powerful Political Voice. Why Dozens of Mass Shootings Didn’t Change Americans’ Minds on Guns. ¶ For Poor and Minority Children, Excessive Air Pollution Creates a Toxic Learning Environment, Air Pollution Around Schools Is Linked to Poorer Student Health and Academic Performance 2011. Feel it in the Air: Pollution and Crime in Chicago, Air Pollution, Weather, and Violent Crimes: Concomitant Time Series Analysis of Archival Data, Students of Color Suffer Disproportionately from Air Pollution. Parkland, Florida Health Index indicates this is not an issue.
-7.1. Taking Turns: Stories from HIV/AIDS Care Unit 371 [Cover], is one of the latest entries in the Graphic Medicine series. The book chronicles seven years, starting in 1994, at the height of AIDS of a nurse on the dedicated HIV/AIDS Care Unit at Illinois Masonic Hospital. Gathering and sharing the stories of the doctors, nurses, and patients that reflects the “part of the family” mentality that framed the patient care paradigm of Unit 371. Not surprisingly, relationships are centerpiece of Taking Turns. The author’s deft handling of the multiplicity of relationships involved in patient care is the strength of the book, and they are all represented throughout the narrative, transparent regarding the less than ideal aspects of health care, including when human error negatively impacts the ability provide care, helping clients (not patients) deal with having been abandoned/ rejected by their families, and even the existential crises that accompany witnessing death on a recurring basis. The author’s ability and willingness to show both the profoundly meaningful and affirming side of care alongside the difficulties, ambiguity, and ugliness is a testament to her desire to tell the most honest story possible – not simply the most uplifting and inspirational one. [Strip]. 170423-9.
-180301-5.4>1. Drug Makers Lobby for Antibiotic Incentives in Pandemic Preparedness Bill. A big legislative package due for renewal later this year could include hundreds of millions of dollars of drug incentives – and the medical community is already jostling to shape its contents. The Pandemic All Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act, a 2013 update of a 2006 law, is slated to end in September. It helps fund disaster response initiatives such as vaccines for smallpox, diagnostic tests for influenza, and hospital programs to treat victims of a nuclear attack. If the current pattern holds it will not be reauthorized by its lapse date and may become another bargaining CHIPSearch. Center for Health Security Director Testifies at US Senate Committee Hearing on Pandemic and All Hazards Preparedness Act Reauthorization.
-180225-3>2. As Trump Seeks Climate Funding Cuts, Intelligence Community Highlights Risks. Ex CIA Chief: Trump ‘Unstable, Inept, Inexperienced, and Also Unethical’, for a profession that is referred to as the world's second oldest profession without the morals of the first, complaining about another’s ethics is saying something. McMaster Caught in the Middle as Mattis and Tillerson Maneuver to Constrain Trump on National Security Issues. The national security team is increasingly challenging the president. McMaster is often caught in a carefully orchestrated manipulation by Mattis and Tillerson to slow the delivery of options they don't want the president to take. They are going to hide the ball from the president to keep him from doing stupid (stuff), there's no doubt about it. Other members of Trump's national security team also have pushed back, increasingly in public, suggesting that some of the president's top advisers have decided to speak out rather than acquiesce to what they see as false claims or dangerous policies. Trump's advisers fear that he will say something rash or take an unplanned action, and are likely calculating that by slow-walking a potentially explosive action, his attention will turn to something else. Those kinds of fears of judgment or instantaneous action were never as great as they are today. In part, advisers are just waiting out the time between his tweets and his fury, hoping to create some sort of stability. They're Here to Fix Climate Change. They’re College Republicans. U.S. Intelligence Agencies Break with Trump over Climate Threats. The Trouble with Trump Leaving Climate Change to the Military. An adaptation only climate strategy will be ugly indeed. Money, Climate Change and Disaster Management. 2017 was the costliest year for weather and climate related disasters. Will the trend continue. Fact Check: Data Melt Trump's Cooling, Ice Claims. 180301-2.4, 180218-1.1 -2-2,
-180225-5‡•7>3. -3.1↑, Italy’s Vaccine Debate Shows Anti-Establishment Sway. Biology Conference in Italy Sparks Criticism for Including Anti- Vaccine Speakers. Vaccine Debate Gives Italian Election Campaign a Shot in the Arm, populists play on widespread fears of inoculation. EFVV European Forum for Vaccine Vigilance. <ADDED 170730, ADDED 170625, ADDED 170611, ADDED 170528-170507-1A>. How Anti-Vaxxers Could Help Decide Italy's Election, Italy's 5 Star Movement Leads in Polls, but Some past Supporters Vow 'Never Again'. Italy Elections Point to Stalemate, Maverick 5 Star Advances. There are several other examples in the database about mandatorySearch vaccination that are not in Italy. | The Global Crackdown on Parents Who Refuse Vaccines for Their Kids Has Begun.
-180128-3.1>4, <ADDED 180225>3. Puerto Rico Deaths Related to Hurricane Maria Continued for Months after the Storm, Data Suggest. Two months after Hurricane Maria ripped through Puerto Rico, scores of people were still dying in its aftermath. The data show total deaths in the US territory by month and do not break them down by cause. But month to month comparisons with previous years show the number of deaths after the hurricane – which struck the island on Sept. 20 – was far higher than average. ¶ The Hurricane Refugees of Amish Country, taking in hundreds of evacuees from Puerto Rico, for many the transition has been a challenge.
-180121-8>5, ADDED 180128>3. The Book That Incited a Worldwide Fear of Overpopulation. The Population Bomb [Cover] made dire predictions – and triggered a wave of repression around the world, as well as conspiracy theories such as Agenda 21 [Strip] and anti-vax the sometimes says vaccine is to sterilize the population, Depopulation Test Run, 75% of Children Who Received Vaccines in Mexican Town Now Dead or Hospitalized, Bill Gates Admits Vaccinations Are Designed So Governments Can Depopulate the World, Addressing the Rumors on Immunization in Nigeria. 180211-4.2. <ADDED 171008-170827-2.1*>12.
-170827-2.1>6, <ADDED 180225>6. US Makes Cuba Staffing Cuts Permanent after 'Health Attacks', US to Keep Diplomatic Staff in Cuba at Minimum as Questions Remain about 'Health Attacks' on Employees, 180301-4.3†, [Cartoon]. Gad Saad on Hysteria and “Collective Munchausen” around Donald Trump, Speaking Out as an Academic, and Evolutionary Psychology 101 (Video). Donald Trump and Conservatives’ Collective Munchausen Syndrome. | Obama’s “Pathological Legacy”: Heartless War Crimes, “Saving the Victims”. “Political Munchausen Syndrome” by Proxy. Trump Derangement Syndrome [Cartoon].
-171224-2 -‡>7. New Pathogen Research Rules: Gain of Function, Loss of Clarity. HHS has finally issued new rules governing how it will decide whether to fund "gain of function" experiments. The rules have real strengths – and real weaknesses, too. 180301-4.5, <ADDED 180218-170709-8A>. Ethical and Philosophical Considerations for Gain of Function Policy: The Importance of Alternate Experiments.
-170709-8A>8, <ADDED 180225>8. Planning for Smallpox Outbreak must Consider Immunosuppression. Unprecedented levels of immunosuppression must be considered in planning for the real risk of smallpox reemerging in the world, an expert in infectious diseases warned. In the nearly 40 years since smallpox was eradicated, much has changed in society. Advances in medicine mean that many more people today live with a weakened immune system – such as people with HIV, people being treated for cancer and autoimmune conditions. Children and young people aged 0-19 years will have the highest risk of infection in a smallpox epidemic. However, the risk of severe disease and death is in people aged >45 years. The rates of were even higher for the age group 60-65 years, because of natural decline of the immune system with age. We have an ageing population, and this must be considered when planning for a bioterrorism attack, and vaccination strategies during an outbreak. Vaccine immunity wanes over time, and recent vaccination is needed for protection. The good news is, people who have been vaccinated in the past would have a faster response to revaccination in the event of an outbreak, the bad news is the highest smallpox infection rates are for unvaccinated young people, aged 5-20 years. -5Quote↑.
-170521-6A>9. Global Seed Vault Gets Its Millionth Donation and a $13 Million Update, Norway to Spend $13 Million to Upgrade Doomsday Arctic Seed Vault. Threat of Climate Change Is Forcing Norway to Drop Millions on its Doomsday Vault.
-160515-↕4>10, <ADDED 171022>12. Will a New Mosquito Emoji Create Some Buzz About Insect Borne Diseases. Available in mid 2018, the emoji could provide a new means for communicating the science and health implications of mosquitoes. The mosquito emoji will give health professionals and academics a more relatable way to communicate health risks and new research using social media. Local health authorities could simply tweet a string of mosquito emoji to indicate t he relative mosquito risk or identify that there is a risk and indicate the presence of Dengue, West Nile, Ross River, Japanese Encephalitis or Yellow Fever. Emoji could remind us to tip out, drain or cover backyard water holding containers that may be a source of mosquitoes following rain. More than likely, it’ll be used by the public to punctuate those summer tweets complaining of bites and bumps following backyard BBQs. Perhaps the tick, flea, lice and bed bug emoji will be on their way soon. Proposal to Add a Mosquito Emoji Character, Proposal for Mosquito Emoji, Science Emoji Proposal for Unicode v2 Microbe. 170122-5. Maybe the parademic [logo] will become an emoji. That would be time to quit. Vaccination Emoji. Anti-vax doesn’t have an official emoji, but does have informal [Logos].
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